Tomas Kliestik

University of Zilina,

Zilina, Slovakia

E-mail: tomas.kliestik@fpedas.uniza.sk

0000-0002-3815-5409

CEO monitoring and accounting record manipulation: Evidence from Slovak agriculture companies

Roman Blazek

University of Zilina,

Zilina, Slovakia

E-mail: roman.blazek@stud.uniza.sk

0000-0002-8054-9540

Jaroslav Belas

University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów,

Rzeszów, Poland

E-mail: belas111@gmail.com

0000-0002-5900-997X

Abstract. Many authors focus on detecting accounting record manipulation using various models and investigating the reasons of accounting falsification and alteration. In general, the tax base is changed because its optimization benefits the business. Various research studies show that the CEO is the one who commences the process of updating accounting data. As a result, we'd like to show the gender of persons that initiate manipulation the most frequently. By recognizing inventive accounting, Beneish's methodology is utilized to identify organizations that have cheated. As a result, organizations are categorized as having a female, male, or mixed management team. Based on the Beneish model, statistical approaches (such as contingency tables and establishing the link between variables), and correspondence analysis, we established that gender influences how a company's accounting is managed: if a woman is a director, the company is regarded non-manipulative. In contrast, if a male keeps control of the corporation, the company has a strong incentive to falsify its financial reports.

Received: January, 2022

1st Revision: September, 2022

Accepted: December, 2022

DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2022/15-4/10

JEL Classification: C61, M00, M4

Keywords: creative accounting, gender equality, correspondence analysis